Considering the significant effect of oil price uncertainty on economic growth and companies' planning for the future, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of oil price uncertainty on the audit fees of companies listed in Tehran Securities & Exchange. In terms of data collection, this research is among quantitative research and in terms of its purpose, it is fundamental. In this regard, the data of 62 firms listed in Tehran Securities & Exchange from energy industry during 2012-2022 selected as statistical samples. Multiple linear regression of random effects model was used for statistical analysis. According to the findings, oil price uncertainty positively affects the audit fees, this means that auditors tend to associate risks with uncertain external factors such as oil price. The empirical evidence primarily supports our view of the “risk effect” rather than the perspective of “bargaining power. The findings indicate that oil price uncertainty as a measure of a client’s business risk has a positive and significant effect on audit fees. Auditors react to the financial situation of companies that face oil price uncertainty and this event leads to a change in auditors' behavior and an increase in audit fees. The results show that oil price uncertainty as a potential risk factor can affect auditors' perceived risk auditors assess the risk as high and therefore, to control the risks in these firms try to increase fundamental tests and audit procedures, which in turn increases the audit fee.